Early View Article - Strengthening links between science and technology experts and frontline diplomats to address science diplomacy challenges

The boundaries of knowledge within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains are continuously advancing resulting in dynamic diplomatic applications. These shifting and expanding boundaries have direct implications in foreign policy. However, frontline diplomats have demanding day-to-day priorities that make it difficult to acquire, retain, and employ cutting edge STEM knowledge to advance national interests to their full potential. To aid in this objective, diplomatic institutions utilize STEM domain experts and traditional dissemination routes to support diplomatic personnel in STEM diplomacy issues. Routes commonly used include reports, briefings, trainings, and consultations. However, these routes may not always align with the timelines, workflows, and information systems used by frontline diplomats serving overseas. While many organizations focus on innovation within science diplomacy topics, opportunity also exists in innovation around linking experts with diplomats. Here we examine current linking approaches used to connect STEM experts and information with frontline diplomats to advance national interests. We utilize the US diplomatic network as an example to categorize current information flows and linking approaches. We then provide examples of common, underutilized, and alternative approaches. Our aim is to provide a clearer understanding of common linkages between STEM expert knowledge and frontline diplomats while highlighting potential alternatives.